Beating-up device for looms

ABSTRACT

In the device, the centre of the dedendum circle of the teeth in each disk coincides with the axis of the shaft, and the tops of these teeth are formed by a single radius R1 whose centre (i.e., the centre of the addendum circle) is displaced relative to the centre of the dedendum circle toward the beating-up tooth for a distance varying within 1 to 1.5 mm. The radius R2 of the dedendum circle of the teeth exceeds the distance between the shaft axis and the lower side of the shed, but is less than the distance between this axis and the median line of said shed.

United States Patent 119 Titov et a1.

[ BEATING-UP DEVICE FOR LOOMS [76] Inventors: Dmitry Vladimirovich Titov, 13

Parkovaya ulitsa 27, korpus 2, kv. 49; Nikolai Ivanovich Makache'v, ulitsa Tsjurupy, l2, korpus 1, kv.27; Jury Pavlovich Sidorov, ulitsa Tsjurupy, 12, korpus 1, kv. 69; Tatyana Konstantinovna Filatova, B. Dorogomilovskaya, 31, kv. 290; Alexei Vasilievich Butuzov, Bolaklavsky prospekt, 38, kv. 61; Anatoly Grigorievich Selivanov, ulitsa Lobachevskogo, 44, kv. 59, all of Moscow; Alexandr Mikhailovich Dyachkov, ulitsa Roschinskaya, 1, kv. 14, Klimovsk Moskovskoi oblasti, all of USSR.

[22] Filed: June 9, 1972 [21] Appl. No.: 261,544

52] U.S.Cl. ..139/12 511 1111.0 ..D03d 47/26 1581 FieldofSearch 139/12,13,1ss, 190

1451 Feb. 4,- 1975 Titov 139/12 Primary Examiner-Henry S. Jaudon Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Waters, Roditi, Schwartz & Nissen [57] ABSTRACT In the device, the centre of the dedendum circle of the teeth in each disk coincides with the axis of the shaft, and the tops of these teeth are formed by a single radius R, whose centre (i.e., the centre of the addendum circle) is displaced relative to the centre of the dedendum circle toward the beating-up tooth for a distance varying within 1 to 1.5 mm. The radius R of the dedendum circle of the teeth exceeds the distance between the shaft axis and the lower side of the shed, but is less than the distance between this axis and the median line of said shed.

3 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures PATENTEU FEB 4|975 SHEET m 2 TENTED FEB 41975 sum 2 or 2 V @hi l BEATING-UP DEVICE FOR LOOMS The present invention relates to weaving machines, and more particularly to beating-up devices employed in these machines.

The invention can be most successfully utilized in travelling-wave shedding looms, i.e., looms wherein the warp threads form several sheds each of which accommodates a weft thread carrier. However, the present invention can equally be used in ordinary looms, as well as in looms wherein the weft thread is picked in the shed by a dummy shuttle, air, or needles.

The beating-up devices known in the industry comprise: a reed in the form of disks freely seated on a drive shaft and capable of some progressive movement therealong, each of which disks has one toothto beat up the weft thread to the fell of fabric, and which disks are turned relative to each other so as to form a singlethreaded helix; stationary separating plates with clearances therebetween to let through the warp threads, each plate being mounted again with a clearance relative to the disk, i.e., the top of its tooth; and other stationary plates wherebetween the disks are placed, these plates entering the gaps between the separating plates to locate the disks opposite the latter, and carrying additional plates to guide the weft carrier (see, for example, USSR Authors Certificate No. 157293, Cl.86c, l7, granted in 1962).

In the course of operation of looms there occurs distortion of warp threads, i.e., of their parallelism, after they pass through the separating plates, therefore two, three or more threads may pass between certain disks and only one thread between the adjacent ones. As a result, the fabric will have irregular warp density. Disks having one tooth cannot correct this distortion. Besides, for quality beat-up of the weft thread it should have definite tension, particularly in travelling-wave machines. The conventional devices do not secure such tension, since one and the same tooth brings the thread to the fell of fabric and beats it up, thus excess length of the'weft thread being drawn, and hence its tension being variable. What is more, in the conventional devices, the use of additional plates to retain the weft carrier reduces the number of disks, thus worsening the conditions of weft beating, and making impossible manufacture of fabric with uniform distribution of warp threads.

Also, these devices do not enable production of heavy-wefted fabric and do not provide for secure weft thread movement toward the fell of fabric. All this affects the quality of the fabric.

Likewise known in the art are beating-up devices wherein each disk has two diametrically disposed teeth. Although these devices make possible normal movement of the weft carrier in travelling-wave looms,-they feature all the aforementioned disadvantages.

It is an object of the-present invention to providea beating-up device that would secure uniform distribution of warp threads in the fabric.

Another object of 'the invention is to provide a device that would secure the required weft thread tension, as well as variation of this tension with a changed tension of the warp threads.

An important object of the invention is to provide a device that would enable manufacture of heavily wefted fabric.

One more object of the invention is to improve the quality of the fabric.

With these and other objects in view, in the device according to the invention, the centre of the dedendum of the disk teeth coincides with the axis of the shaft, the tops of these teeth are described by a single radius whose centre, i.e., the centre of the addendum, is displaced relative to the centre of the dedendum toward the beating-up tooth for a distance varying within 1 to 1.5 mm, and the radius of the dedendum exceeds the distance between the shaft axis and the lower side of the shed, but is less than the distance between that axis and the median line of said shed. Such a design provides for location of the weft carrier exactly within the shed formed by the warp threads, as well as for uniform distribution of warp threads in the fabric, which in turn raises the quality of the latter.

To form heavy-wefted fabric, and in, view of force concentrations produced in short thread sections in the process of weft beating, the arc length at top of the beating-up tooth should advantageously be chosen so, that at the beat-up moment no more than four beatingup teeth be in simultaneous contact with the weft thread, and the arc length at top of each other tooth of the disk should equal the length of the are between the upper and lower sides of the shed as measured along the trajectory of movement of the tops of teeth being in the shed.

To secure the most intensive beat-up of the weft to the fell of fabric, the front edges of the disk teeth should be expediently shaped so, that at the moment the tooth approaches the fell of fabric, the angle a formed between this edge and the median line of the shed would vary within to If angle a is below 85, as the weft thread is carried by the short tooth to the fell of fabric this thread may slide against the front edge of that tooth toward its top and disengage it long before the fell, with the beatingup device thus offering no normal performance.

If angle a is over 95, the front edge of the short tooth having brought the weft thread to the fell of fabric may fail to disengage the thread and break it.

For a better understanding of the invention, the beating-up device for travelling-wave looms is now discussed with references to the appended drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a side view of the beating-up device according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the device;

FIG. 3 is a front view of the sheds formed by warp threads; and I FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a portion of a loom showing the beating-up device according to the invention.

The device comprises disks 2 (FIG. 1) seated on a drive shaft 1 with a rectangular sliding key which prevents the disks from rotation on the shaft. The disks are capableof some progressive movement therealong, each disk having teeth 3, 4, and 5 and being placed opposite a stationary separating plate 6 and between stationary plates 7.

Provided between plates 6 are clearances, and each of these plates is mounted again with a clearance relative to disk 2, with clearance is formed between the plate and the top of tooth 5. Plates 6 are mounted on rods 8 and 9 through gaskets 10. Rods areused to fasten together plates 6 and gaskets 8 and 9. The bottom sections of the assembled plates are fixed in base 11.

The lower portions of plates 6 closest to the top of tooth are shaped to an arc concentric with the trajectory of movement of the top of this tooth. These portions serve to draw the warp threads 12 between teeth 3, 4, and 5 of disks 2. Plates 6 and disk 2 are in the same plane. Thus, they are placed between two guiding plates 7 above which are located wrap threads forming a shed. Therefore plates 6 guide the wrap threads between disks 2 with teeth 3, 4, 5.

Provided in the middle portions of plates 6 are slots 13 to accommodate carrier 14 with the weft thread 15.

The upper portions of plates 6 lie in one plane, their shape being similar to that of the dents of an ordinary reed. This is convenient for drawing the warp threads between the separating plates.

Placed between plates 7 is disc 2, as described above and as shown in FIG. 4 of the drawings, and one end of each of these plates enters the gap between the separating plates 6 and is connected to those plates by rods 16. The other ends of plates 7 are mounted on rods 17 through gaskets and are fixed in a stationary base 18.

Plates 7 are intended to locate disks 2 opposite the separating plates 6, and uniformly distribute teeth 5 as they beat up the weft thread 15. Since plate 7 is located between disks 2, these disks with teeth 3, 4, 5 are at a distance from each other equal to the thickness ofplate 7. Plate 6 and disks 2 are in the same plane.

Disks 2 are displaced so that their teeth 3, 4 and 5 form a helical surface as is shown in FIG. 2. Pitch t of the helical surface can be variaed, for which purpose disks 2 (FIG. 1) are seated on shaft 1 through a rectangular sliding key 19 which enters slot 20 made inhole 21 of disk 2.

Teeth 3, 4 and 5 in each disk are made with their height increasing in the direction of the disk rotation (the direction of rotation of the shaft, and hence, of the disks is conventionally shown by arrow A).

The difference in height between teeth 3-and 5 is from 2 to 5 mm, this condition being necessary in order that teeth 3 move the weft thread up to fell 22 of fabric 23, teeth 5 beating it up. The moment teeth 3 bring thread 15 to fell 22, they together with the warp threads 12 tend to clamp it, thus providing conditions for tensioning this thread. Teeth 4 together with the warp threads 12 also clamp thread 15. Hence, at the moment of beating this thread up by teeth 5, thread 15 is under tension, being flexed by the warp threads 12. Consequently, the beat-up of this thread is similar to that in ordinary looms.

Centre 24 of spaces 25 and 26, Le. of the dedendum, of disk 2 coincides with the axis of shaft 1, and the tops of these teeth are described by a single radius R, whose centre 27 is displaced relative to centre 24 toward the long tooth 5 for a distance varying within I to 1.5 mm. Radius R is the same as the addendum. Center 27 is located toward tooth 5 because tooth 5, the highest tooth is located exactly opposite the lowest point of tooth 3. the shortest tooth. lnherently point 27 must be located toward the highest tooth.

Spaces 25 and 26 of the teeth (i.e., their dedendum) are formed by a radius R; which exceeds the distance between centre 24 and the lower side 28 of.the shed, but is less than the distance between this centre and the median line 29 of said shed, i.e., radius R must always exceed height I1 of the stationary plates 7. This is vital to secure exact location of carrier 14 of the weft thread 15 within the shed formed by the warp threads 12, and to prevent threads 12 from being damaged by the weft carrier. Three spaces, one between each tooth, are designated by reference numerals 37, 38 and 39.

With the purpose of forming heavily wefted fabric, and in view of force concentrations produced within short weft sections as it is being beaten up, the length a of are 30 at top of the beating-up tooth 5 is chosen so, that no more than four teeth 5 be in simultaneous contact with the weft thread 15 at the beat-up moment. The length a of the arc at top of each other tooth 3 and 4 equals the length of arc 31 between the upper side 32 and the lower side 28 of the shed as measured along the trajectory of movement of the tops of teeth being in the shed. The magnitude of a can be 3-7 mm, and the magnitude of a can be in the range of 20-35 mm.

To provide for the most intensive beating of the weft thread 15 to fell 22 of fabric 23, the front edges 33 of teeth 3-5 of disks 2 are shaped so, that when the teeth approach the fell angle a formed between these edges and the median line 29 of the shed is within to The rear edges 34 of teeth 3-5 can be made symmetric with the front edges 33. Uniform distribution of the warp threads 12 in fabric 23 is secured by the thread teeth 3, 4 and 5, since these teeth eliminate distortion of warp threads that may occur in the operation of the loom, and in the period of weft beating, keep a number of warp threads 12 between teeth 5 that equals the number of these threads drawn between the separating plates 6. Teeth 3, 4 and 5 in each disk 2 are so grouped within an arc section of this disk, that at the same time the top of one tooth, say, tooth 3, is located at fell 22 of the fabric, while the top of another one, say, tooth 4, enters the shed section formed by the warp threads 12. Provided between teeth 3 and 5 of the disk is an arc section 30 whose length equals that of the arc within which the teeth 3, 4 and 5 are grouped. This is necessary to accommodate and support carrier 14 with the weft thread 15.

Since the fabric normally varies its width, i.e., shrinks, in the weft beating zone, temples 35 are mounted at its selvages, to stretch it.

The proposed device permits making fabrics without a warp tension compensator, which is of particular importance in the manufacture of hcavy-wefted fabric, since in this case the shedding phase m of a closed shed (FIG. 3), wherein both shed sides 28 and 32 are at one level, coincides with the period of the weft thread being approached by the short teeth 3 of disks 2 to fell 22 of the fabric, and the shedding phase n of a maximum depth of shed coincides with the time of the weft thread 15 being beaten up by the long teeth 5.

Fabric is formed with the present device as follows.

The warp threads 12 are drawn inbetween the upper portions of plates 6 as between the dents of an ordinary reed. These threads form a shed whereinto carrier 14 with the weft thread 15 is fed. With disks 2 rotating in the direction shown at A, the short tooth 3 sliding against a bevel surface 36 (FIG. 3) of carrier 14 moves it in the shed, engages the weft thread 15 and approaches it to fell 22 of the fabric. In doing so, the tooth widens the fell. At this time the second tooth 4 enters the shed section between threads 12, and this shed closes in phase m. Threads 12 now interlace with thread 15, clamp it, and form a new shed as is shown tooth as compared to the former one, this tooth shifts 1 thread further to fell 22 of fabric 23 at this time tooth 5 enters the shed section between the warp threads 12, passes therethrough, and approaches thread 15. Owing to its greatest length as compared to the previous tooth, this tooth 5 beats up thread 15. Since thread 15 is clamped between the warp threads 12 and teeth 4 and 3, it is at the time of its beating-up and new shedding flexed by the warp threads 12 with no additional length thereof being fed, i.e., just due to its extension. The flexed thread 15 tenses and in turn flexes the warp threads 12. With such interaction of the warp and weft threads fabric of required structure is being formed. As the disk teeth move in the shed along the warp thread the latter are combed, which promotes fine shed ding. When thread 15 is being beaten up by tooth 5 another shed is formed, another carrier 14 is brought into this shed to lay another weft thread 15, and the operation cycle is resumed.

The described fabric forming process gives the closest approximation to the process of forming fabric with an ordinary reed, thus producing fabric similar to that manufactured in ordinary looms.

At the time the weft thread 15 is shifted by the short teeth 3 a of the reed disks 2 to fell 22 of fabric 23, with a view to creating the aforesaid conditions, it is undesirable to exert tension on the warp threads in a crossed shed which in travelling-wave looms is done by the tension compensator, so as not to approach fell 22 of fabric 23 to the moving weft thread 15, and it is equally undesirable loosening the tension of the warp threads at the time of a full shed, i.e., at the time of the final beat-up of weft thread 15 to fell 22, so as not to weaken the intensity of this process.

Operation of a travelling-wave loom without the warp tension compensator is also economically expediem, as it reduces the time losses to service the loom, as well as the expenses to make this mechanism.

Obviating the use of the warp tension compensator in a travelling-wave loom employing the proposed beating-up device is of particular importance for the manufacture of heavily wefted fabrics.

What we claim is:

1. A beating-up device for looms, comprising: a drive shaft; toothed disks freely mounted on said shaft and movable translationally along said shaft, said disks being positioned angularly offset relative to each other so that their teeth form a helical surface. the teeth on each disk beingv grouped within an arc section of the disk, so that at the same time the addendum of one tooth is located at the fell of fabric. the addendum of another tooth entering between the warp threads of the shed section formed by the latter, said teeth on each disk having their heights increasing in the direction of the disk rotation. so that the first of the short teeth is adapted to shift the weft thread to the fell of the fabric and the last of the long teeth is adapted to beat it up; stationary separating plates having clearances therebetween for letting through the warp threads, each of said plates being mounted with a clearance relative to said disk and to the addendum of its tooth; auxiliary stationary plates having said disks placed therebetween, said auxiliary plates entering the clearances between said separating plates for locating the disks opposite said auxiliary separating plates, the dedendum of said teeth coinciding with the axis of said shaft, the addendum of said teeth being formed along an are by a single radius whose center coincides with the center of the addendum and being displaced relative to said axis of the shaft toward the beating-up tooth, the radius of the dedendum exceeding the distance between said shaft axis and the lower side of the shed but being less than the distance from said axis to the median line of said.

shed, the arc length at the addendum of the beating-up tooth having a magnitude so that at the beating up moment no more than four beating-up teeth are in simultaneous contact with the weft thread, and the arc length at the addendum of each successive tooth of the same arrow of teeth is substantially 3-7 mm and equals the length of the are substantially 20-35 mm between the upper and lower sides of the shed as measured along the generatrix of the addenda of teeth as described by a predetermined radius.

2. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the front edges of the disk teeth are shaped so that at the moment the, tooth approaches the fell of fabric an angle is formed between this edge and the median line of the shed, which varies within to 3. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein each disk has three teeth, and the difference in height between the first short and the last long teeth of this disk is from 

1. A beating-up device for looms, comprising: a drive shaft; toothed disks freely mounted on said shaft and movable translationally along said shaft, said disks being positioned angularly offset relative to each other so that their teeth form a helical surface, the teeth on each disk being grouped within an arc section of the disk, so that at the same time the addendum of one tooth is located at the fell of fabric, the addendum of another tooth entering between the warp threads of the shed section formed by the latter, said teeth on each disk having their heights increasing in the direction of the disk rotation, so that the first of the short teeth is adapted to shift the weft thread to the fell of the fabric and the last of the long teeth is adapted to beat it up; stationary separating plates having clearances therebetween for letting through the warp threads, each of said plates being mounted with a clearance relative to said disk and to the addendum of its tooth; auxiliary stationary plates having said disks placed therebetween, said auxiliary plates entering the clearances between said separating plates for locating the disks opposite said auxiliary separating plates, the dedendum of said teeth coinciding with the axis of said shaft, the addendum of said teeth being formed along an arc by a single radius whose center coincides with the center of the addendum and being displaced relative to said axis of the shaft toward the beating-up tooth, the radius of the dedendum exceeding the distance between said shaft axis and the lower side of the shed but being less than the distance from said axis to the median line of said shed, the arc length at the addendum of the beatingup tooth having a magnitude so that at the beating up moment no more than four beating-up teeth are in simultaneous contact with the weft thread, and the arc length at the addendum of each successive tooth of the same arrow of teeth is substantially 3-7 mm and equals the length of the arc substantially 20-35 mm between the upper and lower sides of the shed as measured along the generatrix of the addenda of teeth as described by a predetermined radius.
 2. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the front edges of the disk teeth are shaped so that at the moment the tooth approaches the fell of fAbric an angle is formed between this edge and the median line of the shed, which varies within 85* to 95* .
 3. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein each disk has three teeth, and the difference in height between the first short and the last long teeth of this disk is from 2 to 5 mm. 